Cancer is a disease with characteristic disruption or failure of regulatory mechanisms in multicellular organisms multiplication resulting in changes in cell behavior that are not controlled. The changes are due to changes or genetic transformation, especially in the genes that regulate growth, namely protooncogene and tumor suppressor genes.
The cells that undergo continuous transformation proliferate and suppress the growth of normal cells. Cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate. Data Global action against Cancer Fund (2005) of the WHO (World Health Organization) states that cancer deaths could reach 45% from 2007 to 2030, which is about 7.9 million to 11.5 million deaths.
In developing countries, cancer is the leading cause of death caused by disease in children over the age of six months. Of the total cases of cancer were found, although still rare cancers were found to occur at any age child or still about 2-6%, but cancer is a degenerative disease that causes 10% of deaths in children. The etiology of childhood cancer, but the cause is still unclear because of the irregularities alleged by the growth of cells due to genetic defects in the womb. The trigger is suspected by unhealthy environmental factors, food consumed is not adequacy, the presence of radiation, and viral infection.
Miller RW (Childhood Cancer, 1994), the occurrence of cancer (oncogenesis) in children the same as in adults in terms of biomolecular aspects, the fundamental difference is in the course of their illness. Cancer in children usually occurs in stage further than in adults when diagnosed. Cancer in children tend to be more aggressive, and this is because the cancer cells in children is still a primitive cells, making them easier and tend to spread rapidly. The tendency of cancer occurs in a particular place is also a difference in the characteristics of the child.
Cancer derived from epithelial tissue are called carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue with a cell structure in groups, able to infiltrate through the bloodstream and lymphatic spread throughout the body (Cancer Biology, 2000). Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer that occurs in the oral cavity which is about 90-95% of the total malignancies in the oral cavity. Location squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is usually located on the tongue (ventral, and lateral), lips, floor of the mouth, buccal mucosa, and retromolar area.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is a malignant tumor derived from epithelial mucosa of the oral cavity and is largely a type of epidermoid carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue ranged between 25 and 50% of all malignant cancers in the mouth. Carcinoma is less common in women than in men, except the Scandinavian country incidence of carcinoma of the oral cavity high in women because of the high incidence of the disease before Plumer vision syndrome.
441 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were reported by Ash and Millar, 25% occurred in women and 75% occurred in men with an average age of 63 years. According to statistics from NCI's SEER (National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results) U.S. National institues of Health Cancer estimated 9,800 men and women (6.930 men and 2.870 women) diagnosed with tongue cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is generally about men over 50 years, especially with a history of high consumption of tobacco and alcohol, are rare in children, which is about 2-6% of all cases, however, the literature indicates an increase in the incidence of three to seven percent for 25 years last. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in children is a disease that is deadly because it is often times not being able to predict its existence and has an aggressive nature from the beginning of its formation. Although microscopic tongue squamous cell carcinoma in children and adults about the same, but due to the aggressive nature of the older children, so the prognosis is worse in children than in adults.
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